all: use alpine-3.14

Created by: keegancsmith

Note: I am adding a lot of reviewers here, mainly for awareness than actually reviewing the code. The actual code changes are boring, the PR description is more important.

We have a 3.14 image available, but when we introduced it we ran into problems using it. This updates all images to use the newer version of alpine.

ruplacer --go \
  sourcegraph/alpine-3.12:142406_2022-04-14_8836ac3499f4@sha256:4681a48d1fb9a73fef1b540c08b3411f797351bbeda749f5dca21213a1e71526 \
  sourcegraph/alpine-3.14:142406_2022-04-14_8836ac3499f4@sha256:2a2d1cbaec78882661fe1aa5b0a4af0c23a37be2ea9ff8aadc2da5b80852c233

I also had to pin postgresql in the server image since we can't upgrade it otherwise customer upgrades fail (incompatible on disk data). Additionally we had to include libstc++ and libgcc for tree sitter.

Risks: I am relying on our CI to catch problems with this upgrade. The main risks here are us not testing things which exercise non-go binaries that rely on shared libraries. What comes to mind is things like p4 and tree-sitter, I am unsure if they get properly exercised. However, I think now is a good time to land a change like this since we have a lot of time until branch cut.

Test Plan: main dry run on CI to test docker image building and integration testing.