Stop pinning exact versions for jaeger, fix linter

Created by: caugustus-sourcegraph

We are no longer supposed to be pinning exact versions in Dockerfiles, since this causes surprise-failures as alpine removes the older versions.

A linter was added for this situation in https://github.com/sourcegraph/sourcegraph/pull/31217 but it wasn't catching the problem because the Dockerfiles used apk --no-cache add as the command.

Test plan

Build / tests should pass, no CVE's.