codeintel: add sub-repo permissions filtering as a part of path adjustment process
Created by: sashaostrikov
I decided to apply sub-repo filtering in the function which is common to code intel definitions, implementations, ranges and references: https://github.com/sourcegraph/sourcegraph/blob/ec26bafc0bcd5842cfd4c056114796fddffa3118/enterprise/cmd/frontend/internal/codeintel/resolvers/query_util.go#L198-L210
If this is okay, then work on https://github.com/sourcegraph/sourcegraph/issues/29239, https://github.com/sourcegraph/sourcegraph/issues/29240 and https://github.com/sourcegraph/sourcegraph/issues/29241 will only include writing corresponding tests.
Closes https://github.com/sourcegraph/sourcegraph/issues/29238