Update git to 2.35.2 in docker images

Created by: indradhanush

Second attempt for #37547 since we had to revert it because of a broken build in main.

This addresses the vulnerabilities disclosed in https://github.blog/2022-04-12-git-security-vulnerability-announced/

This was originally brought to our attention on Slack here this week.

This PR also removes the usage of && withing the RUN command to help present a clean output on build failures.

Test plan

Verified that this works now with a main-dry-run build here: https://buildkite.com/sourcegraph/sourcegraph/builds/156522